Arteriosclerosis: a dangerous “silent killer”

Atherosclerosis: What is it?

Arterial calcification, also known as atherosclerosis, is a condition where the arteries become blocked by a build-up of fatty substances, cholesterol, and other materials in the artery walls. This build-up, known as plaque, can impede blood flow and lead to serious health problems such as heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Arterial calcification develops gradually and can go unnoticed for many years, making it all the more dangerous.

Atherosclerosis: How does it develop?

The process of atherosclerosis often begins at a young age and progresses slowly. It starts with damage to the inner lining of the artery wall, the endothelial cells. This damage can be caused by various factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and inflammation. Once the inner lining is damaged, the body begins to store fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the artery walls. These substances collectively form a plaque that can harden over time and narrow the arteries.

Arterial calcification: The risk factors

There are various risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis:

• AgeOlder people are at a higher risk because arteries gradually lose their elasticity over time.
• SexMen generally have a higher risk of atherosclerosis than women, although the risk for women increases after the menopause.
• GeneticsA family history of heart and circulatory disease can increase your risk.
• LifestyleSmoking, an unhealthy diet, and a lack of exercise can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
• Medical conditionsHigh blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being overweight are significant risk factors.

Arteriosclerosis: The symptoms

In the early stages, atherosclerosis usually causes no symptoms. As the arteries become more blocked, symptoms can develop depending on which arteries are affected. Narrowed coronary arteries can cause symptoms of angina pectoris, such as chest pain. If the arteries to the brain become blocked, symptoms such as sudden numbness or weakness in the arms or legs, problems with speaking or understanding, and loss of vision can occur. Atherosclerosis in the legs can lead to pain during walking, also known as intermittent claudication.

Arteriosclerosis: The importance of early screening

Given the often silent and progressive nature of atherosclerosis, early screening is crucial. Early detection can help initiate interventions that can slow or halt the progression of the disease, thereby preventing serious complications.

Advantages of Early Screening

1. Prevention of Serious ComplicationsEarly detection can lead to treatments that can prevent heart attacks, strokes, and other serious complications.
2. Lifestyle changesScreening can make individuals aware of their risks, motivating them to make healthy lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and regular exercise.
3. Court MedicationWith early detection, medications such as statins and blood pressure-lowering drugs can be prescribed to slow the progression of the disease.
4. Monitoring and Follow-upRegular screening and follow-up can help to monitor the effectiveness of treatments and adjust them where necessary.

Arteriosclerosis: Screening methods

There are several methods for screening atherosclerosis:

• Blood testCholesterol and blood glucose monitoring can identify risk factors for atherosclerosis.
• UltrasoundUltrasound of the carotid arteries can detect plaques and narrowing.
• CT scanA CT scan of the heart can detect calcium in the coronary arteries, which indicates the presence of atherosclerosis.
• Doppler ultrasoundThis technique measures blood flow in the arteries and can detect narrowing or blockages.

Arterial calcification: When should you consider screening?

Generally, it is recommended to start screenings at a younger age if you have risk factors. Men over 45 and women over 55 should consider regular screenings, especially if there are additional risk factors such as a family history of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, or obesity. Individuals with a history of heart problems or other cardiovascular conditions should also be screened early and regularly. Additionally, it is advisable to discuss screening with your GP if you experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, leg pain when walking, or other signs that may indicate reduced blood flow. By screening in a timely manner and managing risk factors, you can take proactive steps to protect your heart health and prevent serious complications.

Conclusion

Arterial calcification is a serious, yet often silent condition that needs early detection to prevent severe health problems. Early screening is a powerful tool for identifying risk factors, slowing the progression of the disease, and ultimately saving lives. Awareness of risk factors and the importance of regular health checks can play a crucial role in the prevention and management of arterial calcification. Invest in your health by screening regularly and taking preventive measures; your heart will thank you.

Book your appointment with one of our Cardiologists Dr. Loth and Dr Zivelonghi. The Cardio Pathway van Mediport Medical Centre is designed to offer a comprehensive cardiovascular screening for all ages and risk groups. If further investigations are required, you can also have a Cardio CT at the medical centre in addition to the Cardio Pathway.