Hartfalen is een medische aandoening waarbij het hart niet sterk genoeg pompt om het lichaam adequaat van bloed te voorzien. Dit kan leiden tot symptomen zoals kortademigheid, vermoeidheid en zwelling van de benen en enkels.
Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This can develop gradually and lead to a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling of the ankles and legs. Heart failure can be caused by various underlying conditions, including high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and heart valve abnormalities.
Within the category of heart failure, there are two main subtypes: systolic heart failure and diastolic heart failure. These two subtypes differ in how they affect the heart and manifest with different symptoms and treatment approaches.
Systolic heart failure
Systolic heart failure, also known as ‘heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,’ is a form of heart failure where the heart cannot effectively contract during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. During the systolic phase, the heart pumps blood into the arteries to circulate it throughout the body. In systolic heart failure, the heart's pumping function is weakened, leading to a decrease in the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat.
Diastolic heart failure
Diastolic heart failure, also known as ‘heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,’ occurs when the heart has difficulty relaxing and filling during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. During diastole, the heart fills with blood before it contracts again to pump blood into the arteries. In diastolic heart failure, the heart muscle is stiffer than normal, making it harder to receive and store blood.
Causes of heart failure
- High blood pressureHigh blood pressure (hypertension) is a major risk factor for heart failure. The constant pressure on the artery walls can lead to hypertrophy of the heart muscle and eventually to weakening of the heart.
- Coronary heart diseaseBlocked coronary arteries reduce blood flow to the heart muscle, damaging the heart muscle tissue.
- Heart valve abnormalitiesValves that do not function properly can put extra strain on the heart. If the valves are too narrow or leaky, the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body.
- CardiomyopathyThis is a condition where the heart muscle itself is damaged, making it difficult to pump blood.
- Diabetes and obesityPeople with diabetes and obesity have an increased risk of heart failure.
Symptoms of heart failure
- Shortness of breathThis can occur with exertion or even at rest.
- FatiguePatients with heart failure often feel very tired and have little energy.
- SwellingThe accumulation of fluid can lead to swelling of the legs, ankles and abdomen.
- Nausea and loss of appetiteSome patients experience digestive problems.
- Increased heart rateThe heart may beat faster to try and pump more blood around.
Diagnosing heart failure: understanding what's happening in your heart
Making the correct diagnosis of heart failure is crucial for effective treatment and care. Diagnosis of this condition usually begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms, lifestyle, family history, and any underlying medical conditions.
In addition to clinical assessment, there are several diagnostic tests and procedures that can be performed to confirm heart failure and assess its severity. Mediport Can you make an appointment with our Cardiologists and have your heart checked.
Echocardiogram This is a non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart. It helps to assess the pumping function of the heart and can identify structural abnormalities.
Blood test: Specific blood markers like B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) can be elevated in heart failure and can aid in diagnosis.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart and can reveal irregular heart rhythms and indications of heart disease.
Stress test: This test, often carried out on a treadmill or with medication, evaluates how the heart responds to physical exertion and can help diagnose angina or other heart problems.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) An MRI can provide detailed images of the heart and blood vessels, and it can be useful for identifying structural abnormalities.
Cardiac catheterisation: This invasive investigation involves inserting a catheter into the blood vessels to measure the pressure and blood flow of the heart. It can help in evaluating coronary heart disease.
Once diagnosed, your doctor will work with you to create a treatment plan tailored to your specific needs and the severity of your heart failure. Regular follow-up appointments are essential for managing your condition and ensuring the best care for your heart. It is important to communicate openly with your healthcare provider, ask questions, and follow recommendations to improve your quality of life and prevent complications.
Heart failure and exercise: finding a balance for a healthy heart
Exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle, but what if you've been diagnosed with heart failure? The good news is that regular physical activity is still possible, but finding the right balance is crucial. In consultation with your doctor, a tailored exercise programme can improve your heart function and promote your overall well-being. It's important to consider your individual condition, symptoms, and medical advice when planning your exercise activities. Listen to your body and take the necessary precautions to stay safe and healthy while staying active.
You can learn much more about this in our special blog post: Heart failure and exerciseWhen should I have a check-up?